星期五, 十月 19, 2007

2007年10月17日爆米花-阅读补贴:日本的空间文化(东方客)



文章改编自《联合早报》29/09/2007现在版。

作者:东方客。

江凌老师导读。

要听文章朗读?请到:

http://www.gistxl.com/baomihua/


  也许你曾在机场看过日本妇女送别的情景,她们一边儿行礼,一边儿后退,不敢靠近对方,仿佛跟对方是井水不犯河水,你我有别,哪像送别啊?


  看看西方人的送别,拥抱相吻,缠绵悱恻。还有,东方的中国人与韩国人如今更有过之无不及之,可日本人依然故我,哪怕是家人亲子、兄弟姐妹分手,顶多是拍拍肩膀,说声珍重,就目送对方进入检查口。唉,多无情,多无味啊!


  不,这可不是无情,这是日本文化,是日本的空间文化。


  日本人特别讲究空间,这个空间不只是具体实在的空间,也包括人与人之间的空间,甚至包括声音与声音之间的空间。


  日本的传统房屋不算大,但一般门口却宽阔广大。门外汉的我,曾经觉得那是浪费地方,为什么不缩小门口,多建一间房间呢? 后来问起日本建筑师,房子的进出口是主人的门面,要有一定的空间,要让住的人与看的人都觉得舒畅。


  房子内部设计,也总有一部分空间,仅用来置放花瓶字画,不能搁置他物。看起来挺浪费的地方,可那空间正是日本式房屋的核心呢。


  说到人与人的空间,更是中美各国难以理解的。日本人常说:“亲密之间也得要有距离。”他们认为人与人之间,不能过于亲密,哪怕是最亲密的朋友,也得保留一道空间。正因如此,日本人上街时从不拉手搭肩,见面送别绝不握手拥抱。真可是“君子之交淡如水”。


  再注意一下中国春节联欢晚会和日本红白歌唱晚会的区别,又可看出日本的空间文化。日本红白演唱者,都是一个个歌星独自站在大舞台上演唱,舞台上很少有陪衬舞蹈。可中国春晚独唱节目,少不了陪衬舞蹈。一群舞蹈员密密麻麻地占据舞台,东奔西跳的,好不热闹。


  再细听日语播音员的新闻报道,朗读节目,也同样会让人感受到日本的空间文化。日语再怎么快,也绝不一鼓作气念完整个句子,经常在主语与宾语之后来个小停顿,让人听起来不急不躁。如果没有这些空间停顿,日语似乎就少了什么,似乎就不像日语了。

  日本的空间文化让我想起了不同文化的情趣。世上正因为有那么多不同的文化生活习惯,这个世界才显得多姿多彩,灿烂鲜艳啊! 看来我们得去理解他人的文化,同时也得学会尊重他人的文化,让世界各国各民族的文化开花结果,传遍各地,促进和平友好。(传自广岛)


Word List


1) 井水不犯河水 【jǐngshuǐ búfàn héshuǐ】比喻各管各的,互不相犯/ to not have anything to do with each other
2) 缠绵悱恻 【chánmiánfěicè】指难分难舍,十分伤感/ excessively sentimental
3) 有过之无不及 【yǒu guò zhī wúbù jí】相比之下,只有超过而没有赶不上的/ to go even further; to outdo
4) 依然故我 【yīrángùwǒ】形容自己一切跟从前一样,没有改变/ to still be one’s old self
5) 门外汉 【ménwàihàn】指外行人/ outsider or layman
6) 搁置 【gēzhì】置放/ shelve or place
7) 君子之交淡如水 【jūnzǐ zhī jiāo dàn rú shuǐ】朋友之间的交情,平淡如水,不尚虚华/ friendship between gentlemen is as plain as water; good fences make good neighbours
8) 一鼓作气 【yìgǔzuòqì】比喻趁劲头大的时候鼓起干劲,一口气做完/ press on the finish without letting up

           
问题:


Q1 根据文章内容,各国的送别情景和舞台情景有什么不同?
   送别情景:1) 日本人  2) 西方人  3) 中国/韩国人
   舞台情景:1) 中国春节联欢晚会  2) 日本红白歌唱晚会

Q2 日本人在意哪些“空间“?

Q3 日本传统房屋的门口有怎样的特点?为什么要设计成这样?

Q4 日本人所说的“亲密之间也得要有距离”是什么意思?

Q5 请解释下列两个包含“水”的俗语的含义:
   1) 井水不犯河水(第1段)
   2) 君子之交淡如水(第7段)

Q6 请根据文章内容归纳:什么是日本的空间文化?

Q7 对于日本的空间,你有什么看法?

Q8 你认为新加坡有没有自己的文化特色?


中英文阅读:

               

日本的空间文化(The Culture of Space in Japan)

  也许你曾在机场看过日本妇女送别的情景,她们一边行礼,一边后退,不敢靠近对方,仿佛跟对方井水不犯河水,你我有别,哪像送别啊?

  You may have seen how Japanese women send people off at the airport. They bow as they move backwards, not daring to go near each other, as if they were deliberately keeping a distance. In what way does this look like a send-off?

  看看西方人的送别,拥抱相吻,缠绵悱恻。东方的中国人与韩国人如今甚至有过之无不及之,可日本人依然故我,哪怕是家人亲子、兄弟姐妹分手,顶多是拍拍肩膀,说声珍重,就目送对方进入检查口。唉,多无情,多无味啊!

  Now take a look at how Westerners bid farewell – they hug and kiss each other, showing excessive sentimentality. In the Orient, the Chinese and South Koreans now go even further. However, the Japanese remain their old selves. Even if they are sending off a parent, a child or a sibling, they give a pat on the shoulders at most, with a reminder to take care, and then gaze silently as the person leaving walks towards the checkpoint. How lacking in affection and feeling!
  不,这可不是无情,是日本的空间文化。

  But no, this does not demonstrate a lack of affection. Rather, it is a reflection of the culture of space in Japan.

  日本人特别讲究空间,这个空间不只是具体实在的空间,也包括人与人之间的空间,甚至包括声音与声音之间的空间。

  The Japanese care especially much about space. This does not only refer to actual physical space but also the space that separates humans and even the space that separates sound.

  日本的传统房屋不算大,但一般门口却宽阔广大。门外汉的我,曾经觉得那是浪费地方,为什么不缩小门口,多建一间房间呢? 后来问起日本建筑师,房子的进出口是主人的门面,要有一定的空间,要让住的人与看的人都觉得舒畅。

  A traditional Japanese house is not very large but its main doorway is usually very wide. As an outsider, I once found this to be a waste of space. Why not narrow the main doorway and build another room? I subsequently asked a Japanese architect and was told that a doorway is like the visage of the owner. Thus, a certain amount of space needs to be kept such that those who live there and those who see the doorway both derive a pleasant feeling.

  房子内部设计,也总有一部分空间,仅用来置放花瓶字画,不能搁置他物。看起来挺浪费的地方,可那空间正是日本式房屋的核心呢。

  The interior design of Japanese houses always features a part that is bare, which is only used to display vases or calligraphy and paintings. The space seems wasted but it is actually the heart of the Japanese house.

  说到人与人的空间,更是别人难以理解的。日本人常说:“亲密之间也得要有距离。”他们认为人与人之间,哪怕是最亲密的朋友,也得保留一道空间。正因如此,日本人上街时从不拉手搭肩,见面送别绝不握手拥抱。真可是“君子之交淡如水”。

  The space between humans is even harder to understand. The Japanese often say that one should always maintain some distance even in a close relationship. They feel that space between two people must be maintained, even among the closest of friends. For this reason, the Japanese never hold hands or have their arms around each other when they walk on the streets, and they do not shake hands or hug when they meet or bid farewell. It is just like the Chinese saying, “The friendship between gentlemen should be as plain as water”.

  再注意一下中国春节联欢晚会和日本红白歌唱晚会的区别,又可看出日本的空间文化。日本红白演唱者,都是一个个歌星独自站在大舞台上演唱,舞台上很少有陪衬舞蹈。可中国春晚独唱节目,少不了陪衬舞蹈。一群舞蹈员密密麻麻地占据舞台,东奔西跳的,好不热闹。

  We can see another example of the culture of space in Japan when we look at the differences between the Chinese Spring Festival Gala and the Japanese Red and White Song Contest. In the latter event, each singer sings on stage alone, with only a few performances featuring accompanying dancers. However, in the Chinese performance, accompanying dancers are almost a must. Dancers crowd the stage running and leaping here and there, creating an animated scene.

  再细听日语播音员的新闻报道,朗读节目,也同样会让人感受到日本的空间文化。日语再怎么快,也绝不一鼓作气念完整个句子,经常在主语与宾语之后来个小停顿,让人听起来不急不躁。如果没有这些空间停顿,日语似乎就少了什么,似乎就不像日语了。

  And if one listens carefully to the news reports by Japanese broadcast announcers, one can sense the same Japanese culture of space. No matter how rapid-fire the Japanese language is, the announcer never reads a long sentence without a break. Instead, there is often a pause between subjects and objects so as to make the reading sound deliberate and unhurried. Without these pauses, the Japanese language seems to be missing something and to not sound Japanese at all.

  日本的空间文化让我想起了不同文化的情趣。世上正因为有那么多不同的文化生活习惯,这个世界才显得多姿多彩,灿烂鲜艳啊! 看来我们得去理解他人的文化,同时也得学会尊重他人的文化,让世界各国各民族的文化开花结果,传遍各地,促进和平友好。

  The culture of space in Japan makes me think of the interesting things that lie in the various cultures. It is because of the diversity of cultural lifestyles that our world is such a colourful and resplendent place. We must strive to understand and respect the cultures of others so as to allow the cultures of the world to flourish and spread far and wide, thereby promoting peace and friendship.
        

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